Hollow glass microspheres, with their low density, low dielectric constant, and low dielectric loss, have become key functional fillers in aviation radomes and low-dielectric aerospace sheet materials. In aviation radomes, they significantly reduce structural weight while ensuring efficient electromagnetic wave penetration, improving radar detection performance and range. Their hollow structure and the low-loss characteristics of the glass matrix effectively reduce the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the composite material, minimizing signal attenuation and interference. Microspheres also enhance the specific strength, dimensional stability, and temperature and weather resistance of the composite material, meeting the structural and environmental requirements under complex aircraft operating conditions. In low-dielectric aerospace sheet materials, they achieve structural lightweighting while ensuring good electromagnetic compatibility between airborne electronic equipment. The filled sheet material also possesses thermal insulation, flame retardancy, and mechanical stability, making it suitable for critical components such as fuselages, wings, and radar bays.